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Coronary artery bypass is a heart surgery procedure in which one or more blocked coronary arteries are bypassed by a blood vessel graft to restore normal blood flow to the heart. These grafts usually come from the patient’s own arteries and veins located in the chest, leg or arm. The graft goes around the blocked artery (or arteries) to create new pathways for oxygen-rich blood to flow to the heart.
The objective of the procedure is to relieve symptoms of coronary artery disease, including angina, enable the patient to resume a normal lifestyle and to lower the risk of a heart attack or other heart problems.
Coronary artery bypass graft surgery is widely performed in India. Apollo Hospitals, Escort Heart Institute, Max Healthcare and Fortis specialise in these kind of cardiac procedures.
Coronary artery bypass grafting may be indicated when a coronary angiogram shows >50% stenosis in the presence of any of the following:
-severe angina which is unresponsive to medical therapy
-marked ST depression of exercise ECG
-left main stem stenosis
-severe triple vessel disease
-angina with left ventricle dysfunction.
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Minimally Invasive CABG
Alternate procedures of minimally invasive coronary artery bypass surgery have been developed recently. Off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (OPCAB) is a technique of performing bypass surgery without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (the heart-lung machine). Futher refinements to OPCAB have resulted in Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass surgery (MIDCAB) which is a technique of performing bypass surgery through a small 5-10 cm incision.
Advantages of Minimally invasive surgery:
smaller incision and scars
shorter hospital stay - typically 3-4 days
shorter recovery time
reduced bleeding
reduced chances of infection
reduced pain and trauma
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